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8 Parts of Speech with Examples | An Easy Guide for You
8 Parts of Speech with Examples | Parts of speech kake bole
Parts of Speech | English Grammar
It is true that almost every word in English has the ability to be used as a separate part of speech. In one place, a particular word can be used as a noun, in another place as a verb and in another place as an adjective.
These words enable English language learners to understand the behaviour of a particular word in different positions. There is no sentence in English without parts of speech. Each sentence uses a term. Example: I eat rice. Parts of speech are also used here. “I” is a Pronoun, Eat is a Verb and Rice is a Noun.
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Parts of speech কাকে বলে ? Parts of speech kake bole
বাক্যের অন্তর্গত প্রত্যেকটি অর্থবোধক শব্দকেই Parts of Speech বলা হয় । তার মানে একটি বাক্যের মধ্যে যে শব্দগুলো ব্যবহার করা হয় তার সবগুলোই Parts of Speech ।
Example:
Rahi is going to school.
এখানে Rahi হলো Noun,
is going হলো Verb and Verbal phrase,
To হলো Preposition,
School হল Noun.
তো আজকে আমরা জানব Parts of speech এর ব্যবহার এবং এর প্রকারভেদ উদাহরণ সহ ।
Importance of Parts of Speech in Communication
As you know, English sentences are used to express complete thoughts. The importance of parts of speech lies in their correct use, which can help increase your understanding and confidence.
Correct use of parts of speech means you can convey clear messages and understand them because you know the rules of the language.
Know about 8 Parts of Speech
Each word in a sentence belongs to one of the eight parts of speech according to the work it is doing in that sentence. There are 8 parts of speech.
- Noun
- Pronoun
- Adjective
- Verb
- Adverb
- Prepositions
- Conjunctions
- Interjections
1 – Noun (Naming words)
Nouns stand for names of people, places, animals and things. Noun means name. Look at the sentences.
সহজভাষায় আমরা বলতে পারি কোন কিছুর নামকেই Noun বলে ।
“John lives in Chicago. He has two bikes. He likes to ride a bike.”
In the example above, the name is John. We cannot use the same name repeatedly in different sentences. Here, we have used “he” in the next two sentences instead of “John”. “He” is called the pronoun.
What is a Noun with Example
A noun is a word that represents the name of a person or thing, place, thing, or idea. Simply, we can say A noun is a naming word. It is a basic part of speech and is often used as the subject or object of a sentence. Here are five examples of nouns:
Dogs, London – the capital city of England, books, happiness, chairs etc.
Types of nouns are
1.1 – Common Noun
It describes a person, place, and thing.
A common noun is a type of noun that refers to a general, non-specific person, place, thing, or idea. It is generally used as a common name for a person or thing. Common nouns are not capitalized unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples: Dog, Book, Tree, City, country, town, boy.
1.2 – Proper Noun
A proper noun is a specific noun that refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Unlike common nouns, proper nouns begin with a capital letter.
Examples: Bangladesh, Canada, India, Pakistan, Rahim, Karim, Austria, Manchester, United Kingdom, etc.
1.3 – Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is a type of noun that represents names, ideas, feelings, emotions, or qualities that cannot be perceived through the five senses. Unlike concrete nouns, which refer to visible objects, abstract nouns are intangible or invisible and describe ideas or qualities. It does not take “the”.
Abstract nouns represent things that cannot be seen, heard, touched, tasted, or smelled.
Abstract Nouns এমন জিনিসগুলিকে প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে যা দেখা, শোনা, স্পর্শ করা, স্বাদ নেওয়া বা গন্ধ করা যায় না।
Examples: love, happiness, courage, honesty, beauty, knowledge, grief, loss, happiness, greatness.
1.4 – Concrete Noun
A concrete noun is a type of noun that refers to material things, specific people, or identifiable places. These nouns refer to objects or entities that are perceptible through the five senses and have a physical existence.
Examples: Book, table, car, dog, car, book, tree, person, city, and mountain etc.
1.5 – Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countable Nouns can be singular or plural. In simple words, we can say that the Nouns that are countable are called Count Nouns. It can be calculated.
Examples: ships, cars, buses, books, etc.
An uncountable noun is neither singular nor plural. It cannot be counted. That is, the Noun that cannot be counted is called Uncount Noun. After this, the singular form of the verb is always used. For example: Rice is eaten by me.
Here Rice is an Uncount noun so the singular form of the Verb is used after Rice.
Examples: water, milk, juice, butter, music, etc.
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1.6 – Collective Noun
Nouns that do not refer to individuals or things individually but collectively are called collective nouns. It includes groups and collections of persons, things or ideas. It is singular in form and singular considered.
যে সকল বিশেষ্য ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে পৃথকভাবে উল্লেখ করে না কিন্তু সমষ্টিগতভাবে তাদেরকে সমষ্টিগত বিশেষ্য বলে। এটিতে ব্যক্তি, জিনিস বা ধারণার গোষ্ঠী এবং সংগ্রহ অন্তর্ভুক্ত রয়েছে। এটি আকারে একবচন এবং বিবেচিত একবচন।
Examples: Team, Cricket Team, Army, Navy, Jury, Staff of office, group of visitors.
However, people and police can be considered both singular and plural.
1.7 – Possessive Noun
A possessive noun is a type of noun that indicates ownership or a relationship between two or more things. It shows that something belongs to someone or is related to someone else.
- Possessive nouns show possession or ownership of an object.
Example:
Cat’s tail (the tail belongs to the cat).
My sister’s car (the car is my sister’s).
The dog’s leash (the leash belongs to the dog).
একটি অধিকারী বিশেষ্য হল এক ধরণের বিশেষ্য যা মালিকানা বা দুটি বা ততোধিক জিনিসের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক নির্দেশ করে। এটি দেখায় যে কিছু কারো অন্তর্গত বা অন্য কারো সাথে সম্পর্কিত।
অধিকারী বিশেষ্য একটি বস্তুর দখল বা মালিকানা দেখায়।
উদাহরণ:
বিড়ালের লেজ (লেজ বিড়ালের অন্তর্গত)।
আমার বোনের গাড়ি (গাড়িটি আমার বোনের)।
The dog’s leash (the leash belongs to the dog)।
Examples: Jimmy’s pen.
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2 – Verb (Saying words)
verb (to speak)
Verb বলতে আমরা বুঝব যা দ্বারা action বা কাজ বুঝাবে, অর্থাৎ যে শব্দ দ্বারা কোন কিছু করা , থাকা, হওয়া ইত্যাদি বুঝায় তাকেই Verb বলে ।
They are used to say something about a person or thing. The verb is related to doing or becoming. A verb is a word that describes an action, event or condition.
Examples
She speaks clearly and confidently.
He is reading a book.
I am going to school.
Here all the words in bold are used as verbs.
Types of verbs
2.1 – Action verbs
(run, move, write etc)
2.2 – Linking verbs
(to be (is, am, are, was, were), seem, feel, look, understand)
2.3 – Auxiliary (helping) verbs
(have, do, be)
2.4 – Modal Verbs
(can, could, may, might, will/shall)
2.5 – Transitive verbs
It takes an object.
Example – He is reading a newspaper.
2.6 – Intransitive verbs
It does not take the object.
Example – He awakes.
Further Reading: What are the verbs in English?
3 – Adjectives (describing words)
An adjective is a word that describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun.
Adjectives can describe a noun’s appearance, colour, size, shape, age, origin, material, or condition.
Examples: red apple, a small house, an old book.
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একটি বিশেষণ এমন একটি শব্দ যা একটি বিশেষ্য বা সর্বনাম সম্পর্কে আরও তথ্য বর্ণনা করে বা দেয়।
বিশেষণ একটি বিশেষ্যের চেহারা, রঙ, আকার, আকৃতি, বয়স, উত্স, উপাদান বা অবস্থা বর্ণনা করতে পারে।
উদাহরণ: লাল আপেল, একটি ছোট ঘর, একটি পুরানো বই।
Examples
- A hungry wolf.
- A brown wolf.
- A lazy boy.
- A tall man
It is used before a noun and after a linking verb.
Before noun example
A new brand has been launched.
After linking the verb example
Imran is rich.
It is used to clarify nouns.
Example: smart boy, blind man
Types of adjectives
3.1 – Simple degree
He is intelligent.
3.2 – Comparative
Ali is more intelligent than Imran.
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3.3 – Superlative
Comparison of one person with class, country or world. In this type “the” is used.
Example: Ali is the wisest boy.
3.4 – Demonstrative adjective
It points out a noun. These are four in number.
This That These Those
3.5 – Indefinite adjectives
It points out nouns. They often tell “how many” or “how much” of something.
Interrogative adjectives:
it is used to ask questions
Examples
Which book?
What time?
Whose car?
4 – Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe how, when, where, why, or how much something happened. They give us more information about verbs (action words), adjectives (describing words), or other adverbs.
Here are some types of adverbs and examples:
Adverbs of manner:
These adverbs tell us how something is done.
Example: She sings beautifully.
Adverbs of degree:
These adverbs tell us how much or to what extent something happened.
Example: The cake is very delicious.
Adverbs of place:
These adverbs tell us where something happened.
Example: The cat is hiding here.
Adverbs of time:
These adverbs tell us when something happened.
Example: We will go to the park tomorrow.
Adverbs of frequency:
These adverbs tell us how often something happens.
Example: I always brush my teeth before bed.
Conjunctive adverbs:
These adverbs connect two sentences or ideas.
Example: She studied hard; therefore, she passed the exam.
Adverbs can be placed before or after the verb, at the beginning or end of the sentence.
For example:
She sings beautifully.
The cake is delicious.
Remember, adverbs help make our sentences more interesting and provide more details about actions and events.
5 – Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repeating the noun in a sentence. Pronouns can be singular (referring to one person or thing) or plural (referring to more than one person or thing).
Here are some types of pronouns and examples:
Personal Pronouns: These pronouns refer to specific people or things.
Singular: I, you, he, she, it
Plural: we, you, they
Example: She is my friend. (instead of “Mary is my friend.”
Possessive Pronouns: These pronouns show ownership or possession.
Singular: mine, yours, his, hers, its
Plural: ours, yours, theirs
Example: This book is mine. (instead of “This book is my book.”)
Reflexive Pronouns: These pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence.
Singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Example: I can do it myself. (instead of “I can do it by myself.”)
Demonstrative Pronouns: These pronouns point to specific people or things.
Singular: this, that
Plural: these, those
Example: That is my toy. (instead of “That toy is mine.”)
Interrogative Pronouns: These pronouns are used to ask questions.
Examples: who, what, when, where, why
Example: Who is coming? (instead of “Which person is coming?”)
Indefinite Pronouns: These pronouns refer to nonspecific people or things.
Examples: someone, something, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing
Example: Somebody left their bag here. (instead of “A person left his or her bag here.”)
Remember, pronouns help us avoid repeating nouns and make our sentences sound smoother. Practice using pronouns in your sentences to make your writing or speaking more interesting!
6 – Prepositions
A preposition is a short word that shows the relationship between nouns (people, places, things) or pronouns (words that replace nouns) in a sentence. Prepositions usually come before a noun or pronoun and help us understand where or when something is happening.
Here are some examples of prepositions and how they are used:
Prepositions of Place:
Examples: on, in, under, behind, beside
Usage: The book is on the table. The cat is under the bed.
Prepositions of Time:
Examples: at, in, on, during
Usage: We have class at 9 o’clock. I play soccer in the afternoon.
Prepositions of Direction:
Examples: to, from, into, out of
Usage: We walked to the park. The bird flew out of the cage.
Prepositions of Location:
Examples: at, in, on
Usage: I saw a squirrel at the park. The keys are in the drawer.
Prepositions of Spatial (স্থান সংক্রান্ত) Relationship:
Examples: beside, between, in front of
Usage: The dog sat beside the girl. The car is parked between two trees.
Prepositional Phrases:
Examples: on top of, in front of, next to
Usage: The book is on top of the shelf. The cat is hiding behind the couch.
Remember, prepositions help us describe where things are, when something happens, or how things are related. Practice using prepositions in your sentences to make your writing or speaking more descriptive and clear!
7 – Conjunctions (joining words)
Conjunctions are special words that connect words, phrases, or sentences together. They help us show the relationship between different parts of a sentence. Think of conjunctions as bridges that bring things together.
Here are some common conjunctions and how they are used:
And: It connects similar ideas or things.
Example: I like to play soccer, and I enjoy swimming too.
But: It connects contrasting or opposite ideas.
Example: I wanted to go to the park, but it started raining.
Or: It gives a choice between two or more options.
Example: Do you want ice cream or cake for dessert?
So: It shows a cause-and-effect relationship or a result.
Example: I studied hard, so I did well on the test.
Because: It explains why something happens.
Example: I couldn’t go to the party because I was sick.
If: It introduces a condition or possibility.
Example: If it rains, we will stay indoors.
When: It indicates a specific time or condition.
Example: I will call you when I get home from school.
Remember, conjunctions are like little words that help connect ideas, actions, or choices in sentences. They make our writing and speaking more interesting and clear. Practice using conjunctions to make your sentences longer and more exciting!
8 – Interjections
Interjections are special words or phrases that we use to express sudden feelings or emotions. They help us show how we’re feeling in a quick and exciting way! Interjections can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, and they make our speech more lively and expressive.
Here are some common interjections and how they are used:
Wow: It shows surprise or amazement.
Example: Wow, that magic trick was incredible!
Yay: It expresses joy or excitement.
Example: Yay, it’s my birthday today!
Ouch: It indicates pain or discomfort.
Example: Ouch, I bumped my knee on the table.
Oh no: It shows worry or disappointment.
Example: Oh no, I forgot my homework at home.
Hooray: It expresses celebration or happiness.
Example: Hooray, we won the game!
Eww: It shows disgust or dislike.
Example: Eww, there’s a bug in my soup!
Remember, interjections are like little bursts of emotion in our sentences. They help us express our feelings quickly and with enthusiasm. Practice using interjections to make your conversations more fun and expressive!
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