What is the difference between simple past tense and present perfect tense?

Simple past tense and present perfect tense are two different verb tenses used to describe actions or events that happened in the past. Here’s a breakdown of their differences:

Simple Past Tense:

The simple past tense is used to talk about a complete action or event that happened at a specific time in the past. It indicates that the action is finished and has no connection with the present. The Past Indefinite Tense is often accompanied by a time expression that specifies when the action happened. If we understand it easily then we will understand what work was done in the past.

Some examples include:

“I met my friend yesterday.”
“He finished his homework last night.”
“They went to the beach last summer.”
In these examples, the actions occurred at specific points in the past and have no ongoing relevance to the present.

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Past Indefinite Tense:
Structure: Subject + Past tense of the verb + Object or extension

Examples:

I walked to the park yesterday.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
They visited London last summer.
He finished his work before leaving.
We watched a movie last night.

Simple Past Tense or Past Indefinite Tense কাকে বলে?

অতীত কালের কোন কাজ হয়েছিল বা অতীতে সংঘটিত কাজ এবং অতীতের কোন অভ্যাস কে বোঝাতে simple past tense or past indefinite tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।

The Past indefinite tense is used to express an action that happened in the past or an action that took place in the past and a habit in the past.

বাংলায় চেনার উপায়: বাংলায় ক্রিয়ার শেষে ল, লাম, ত, তাম, তে, তেন,ছিল, অথবা, ছিলাম থাকলে সাধারণত past tense হয়ে থাকে।

Example:

I went to the market – সে বাজারে গিয়েছিলাম।
He took the pen – সে কলমটি নিয়েছিল ।
They played football – তারা ফুটবল খেলেছিল।

Structure of the sentence: Here past form of the verb or V2 will be as the main verb.

Positive or Affirmative sentence:

Subject + past form of verb + object.

Example:

I did the work.
He did the work.
They did the work.
You did the work.
We did the work.

Negative sentence:

Subject + did + not + present form of the verb + object.

Example:

I did not do the work.
He did not do the work.
They did not do the work.
You did not do the work.
We did not do the work.

Interrogative sentence:

Did + subject + present form of the verb + object + note of interrogation (?)

Example:

Did I do the work?
Did he do the work?
Did they do the work?
Did you do the work?
Did we do the work?

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Past indefinite tense with was/were:

Positive sentence:

Subject + was/were + object.

Example:

I was.
We were.
You were.
You were.
He was.
She was.
They were.
It was.

Note: I/he/she/it এবং subject যদি singular number হয় তাহলে was বসে, you/they/we এবং subject যদি plural number হয় তাহলে were বসে।

Negative sentence:

Subject + was not/were not + object.

Example:

I was not.
We were not.
You were not.
You were not.
He was not.
She was not.
They were not.
It was not.

Interrogative sentence:

Was/were + subject + object + note of interrogation (?)

Example:

Were you in Dhaka?
Was she able to solve it?
Were you happy with the surprise party?

Present Perfect Tense:

The present perfect tense is used to describe an action or event that started in the past but has a connection to the present. It emphasizes the result or consequence of the action rather than the specific time it occurs. The present perfect tense is usually formed by the past participle of the main verb using the auxiliary verb “have” or “has”. Here are some examples:

“I have taken dinner.”
“Siraj has lived in this town for five years.”
“They’ve seen this movie before.”

In these examples, the actions or events took place at an unspecified time in the past and their effects or relevance continue into the present. The present perfect tense often uses time expressions such as “already,” “just,” “never” or “never” to indicate connection with the present.

Present Perfect Tense:

Structure: Subject + Have/Has + Past participle of the verb + Object or extension

Examples:

I have completed my assignment.
She has lived in New York for three years.
They have travelled to many countries.
He has already eaten lunch.
We have seen that movie before.

In summary, the Past Indefinite Tense is used for actions or events that happened at a specific time in the past and are completed, while the present perfect tense is used for actions or events that began in the past and have a connection to the present.

the present perfect tense,

Example of the present perfect tense,

I have visited India multiple times.
She has studied French for five years.
They have already seen that movie.
He has lived in this city his entire life.
We have just finished our work.

Present perfect tense structure,

The structure of the present perfect tense is as follows:

Affirmative:
Subject + have/has + past participle of the main verb + (object or additional information)

Negative:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle of the main verb + (object or additional information)

Interrogative:
Have/Has + subject + past participle of the main verb + (object or additional information) + ?

Present perfect tense কাকে বলে

যে কাল বা tense দ্বারা একটি ক্রিয়া সবেমাত্র শেষ হয়েছে কিন্তু তার ফলাফল এখনও বিদ্যমান এরুপ অর্থ বা ভাব প্রকাশ করে তাকে Present Perfect Tense বলে।

Example যেমনঃ

আমি ভাত খেয়েছি(এছি) – I have eaten rice.

তুমি স্কুলে গিয়েছ (এছ) – You have gone to school.

তুমি স্কুলে যাওনি(নি) – You have not gone to school.

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