BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson – 1 | Nelson Mandela

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BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson - 1 | Nelson Mandela
BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson - 1 | Nelson Mandela
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BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson – 1 | Nelson Mandela

Johannesburg (Reuters)-Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against while minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ : āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§ƒāĻ™ā§āĻ–āĻ˛ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§-āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ•āĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻœā§āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ˜ā§ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ“, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšāĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§ƒāĻĸāĻŧāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻœā§āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻļāĻŽāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson - 1 | Nelson Mandela
BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson – 1 | Nelson Mandela

“I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days, “Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994,… “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.”

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“āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŦā§ˆāĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤ā§€āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ˜ā§ƒāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ; āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ,” āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ,… “āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻĢāĻžāĻŸāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤” “āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤”

In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.

ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Š āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‚āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻĢāĻĄāĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ‰ āĻĄāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¨-āĻĒā§€āĻĄāĻŧāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡āĻĄāĻ¸ (āĻāĻ‡āĻĄāĻ¸ ) āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžā§āĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: “Don’t call me. I’ll call you.” But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combing celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.

āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻœāĻ¨āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻœā§āĻ¨ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° ā§Žā§Ŧ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§€āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨: “āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻŦāĨ¤” āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻāĻšāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĨ¤

“He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are,” Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked.

“āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĨ¤ ” āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻ¨āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world’s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South African

Free Johannesburg South Africa photo and picture
picture from pixabay

s and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders.

āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĒā§€āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities,” he told the court.

ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Š āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻŋāĻ­ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻ§ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤, āĻĄāĻ• āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ “āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻĻāĻļāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ¤āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻ†āĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ “āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡,” āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

“It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him “Madiba,” the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.

“āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ā§ˇ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤” āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ “āĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻž” āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻž, āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

Vocabulary āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°:

  • Shackle (n) – a situation or factor that restrains or restricts someone
  • Apartheid – (n) any system or practice that separates people according to colour, ethnicity, caste, etc
  • Decade -(n) a period of ten years
  • Revered (adj.) – very much respected and admired
  • Prominent (adj.) very important
  • Testimony (n) – a formal written of spoken statement
  • Domination (n) – power or control over other people
  • Laud (v) – to praise highly
  • Prestige (n) – respect and admiration given to someone
  • Resolve (n) – firm determination to do something

 

  • Shackle āĻļā§‡āĻ•āĻ˛ (āĻāĻ¨) – āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡
  • Apartheid āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ – (n) āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨āĨ¤
  • Decade āĻĻāĻļāĻ• -(n) āĻĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛
  • Revered āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ) – āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¤
  • Prominent āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ (adj.) very important
  • Testimony āĻ¸āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ (n) – āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ
  • Domination āĻĄā§‹āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ (āĻāĻ¨) – āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ
  • Laud āĻœā§‹āĻ°ā§‡ (v) – āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž
  • Prestige āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ (n) – āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻž
  • Resolve āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ (n) – āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ

3. Each of the following questions has a word with four alternative meanings.

Choose the word which is close in meaning in the context of the text.

i. What does apartheid in the title refer to?
a. apart
b. distance
c. discrimination
d. dialogue

i āĻļāĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦā§ˆāĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ?
āĻ• āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ•ā§
āĻ–. āĻĻā§‚āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ
āĻ—. āĻŦā§ˆāĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯
āĻ˜. āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĒ

Answer : Discrimination

ii. The word icon in the text means-.
a. portrait
b. image
c. symbol
d. idol

ii. āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŸā§‡ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ•āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĨ¤
āĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻ–. āĻ‡āĻŽā§‡āĻœ
āĻ—. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§€āĻ•
d āĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ

Answer : Portrait

iii. What do shackles refer to?
a. restraints
b. sick
c. stigma
d. spur

iii. āĻļā§‡āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ?
āĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¯āĻŽ
āĻ–. āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ
āĻ—. āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ™ā§āĻ•
āĻ˜. āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŖāĻž

iv. Race discrimination refers to
a. differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour
b. competition among the members of a race
c. demoralization of people
d. domination of others

iv āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§ˆāĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ, āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯
āĻ–. āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž
āĻ—. āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻŦāĻ˛āĻšā§€āĻ¨āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ
āĻ˜. āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯

v. The word manifestation means
a. presentation
b. right
c. change
d. sign

v. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
āĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž
āĻ–. āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°
āĻ—. āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨
āĻ˜. āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨

vi. The word healing means
a. curing
b. heating
c. soothing
d. ailing

vi āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
āĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ–. āĻ—āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ°
āĻ—. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•
āĻ˜. āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ

vii. The word chasm refers to
a. cleft
b. top
c. hatred
d. border

vii āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ• āĻĢāĻžāĻŸāĻ˛
āĻ–. āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻˇ
āĻ—. āĻ˜ā§ƒāĻŖāĻž
āĻ˜. āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤

viii. The word emancipation is
a. participation
b. encouragement
c. expectation

d. liberation

viii. āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ
āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ
āĻ–. āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻš
āĻ—. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻž

āĻ˜. āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž

4. Answer the following questions:

a. The text is a report prepared by a news agency. A newspaper here is interested to publish it in a shortened form. Write a summary of the report for the newspaper.

Answer :

Nelson Mandela: Hero of Freedom

Nelson Mandela was an amazing leader of South Africa who fought against a terrible thing called apartheid. He spent a long time in prison, but he never gave up. When he finally became South Africa’s first black president in 1994, it was a major step towards fairness and equality for all. Mandela believed in peace and unity and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Even after retirement, he continues to inspire people with his message of freedom and respect for all. Mandela’s story teaches us to never stop fighting for what is right. He will forever be remembered as a true hero.

Free nelson mandela smile happy illustration
āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• picture from pixabay

āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•

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b. What do the following dates refer to?

  1. 1963
  2. 1993
  3. 1994
  4. 2004

Answer :

  • 1963: In 1963, something important happened to Nelson Mandela. He was put on trial for fighting against an unjust system called apartheid.
  • 1993: In 1993, Nelson Mandela received a special award called the Nobel Peace Prize. It is a great honor for him as he worked hard for peace and equality.
  • 1994: In 1994, Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s first black president. This was a really important moment because it showed that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of the color of their skin.
  • 2004: In 2004, Nelson Mandela decided to take a break from the public eye. He wanted to enjoy his time and let other people take care of things for a while.

  • 1963: 1963 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
  • 1993: 1993 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
  • 1994: 1994 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻ™ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡āĨ¤
  • 2004: 2004 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻœāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

c. Why did Nadine Gordimer remark that “He (Mandela) is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are.”?

Answer : Nadine Gordimer said Nelson Mandela was “at the center of our time” because she believed he was a very important person. Mandela fought against an evil called apartheid and became a symbol of peace and justice. His work inspired people in South Africa and around the world. Gordimer wanted to show that Mandela’s influence was large and important to everyone wherever he lived.

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d. What emancipation did Mandela hint at by saying “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.”?

Answer : When Nelson Mandela said, “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation,” he meant that they had finally achieved their freedom from unjust rule. In South Africa, there was a system called apartheid that treated people differently based on the color of their skin. Mandela and others fought against it and won. So when he said “political emancipation” he was saying that they finally got the right to be treated equally and have a say in how their country is run. It was a big step for justice and freedom for all.

āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, “āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ,” āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻ™ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻœāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ “āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ” āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒāĨ¤

 āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§œā§āĻ¨:  āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļ+ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻž

e. Mandela is quoted in the report as saying, “It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” What ideal is he talking about? Do you support his ideal?

Answer : When Nelson Mandela said, “It is an ideal for which I hope to live and to achieve. But it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die if necessary,” he was speaking of his belief in a just and free society where all are treated equally. He wanted people to live together peacefully and have equal opportunities in life. Many people support this ideal because it promotes fairness and equality for all.

āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, “āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦ ā§ˇ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤, ” āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ“ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

f. Why can Nelson Mandela be called “an icon of peace and reconciliation”?

Answer : Nelson Mandela can be called “an icon of peace and reconciliation” because he worked to bring people together and promote forgiveness.

g. Why is Mandela also ‘Madiba’?

Answer : Mandela is also called ‘Madiba’ as a sign of respect and love.

h. Do you know any other leader who struggled like Nelson Mandela? Write in brief.

Yes, there have been other leaders who faced significant struggles similar to Nelson Mandela. One notable example is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who was a prominent leader in Bangladesh’s fight for independence from Pakistan. He inspired millions with his commitment to self-determination and led the Awami League party. Despite challenges, he remained dedicated to his vision of an independent Bangladesh. His leadership led to the formation of Bangladesh in 1971, and he is revered as the nation’s founding father.

āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§‡āĻ– āĻŽā§āĻœāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻšāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ˛ā§€āĻ— āĻĻāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§‚āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§‡ ā§§ā§¯ā§­ā§§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

i. Who was F.W. de Klerk? What do you know about him from the passage?

Answer : F.W. de Klerk was a white African leader who helped end apartheid and worked with Nelson Mandela.

j. What is the ideal of Mandela? Do you support his ideal? Why/Why not?

Answer: Mandela’s ideal was equality and justice for all. I also support his thinking because his vision of a fair and inclusive society, where everyone has equal opportunities and rights, is seen as a noble and worthwhile goal.

āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻ“ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻšā§Ž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ• āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

5. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the right use of verbs:

Mandela ………(be) among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC’s armed wing. He……. (leave) South Africa and………. (travel) the continent and Europe, studying guerrilla warfare and building support for the ANC. Branded a terrorist by his enemies, Mandela………… (sentence) to life imprisonment in 1964,isolated from millions of his countrymen as they…….(suffer) oppression, violence and forced resettlement under the apartheid regime of racial segregation, He………(imprison) on Robben Island, a penal colony of Cape Town, where he ……….(spend) the next 18 years before being moved to mainland prisons.

Answer of the gaps:

Mandela was among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC’s armed wing. He left South Africa and traveled the continent and Europe, studying guerrilla warfare and building support for the ANC.

Branded a terrorist by his enemies, Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964, isolated from millions of his countrymen as they suffered oppression, violence, and forced resettlement under the apartheid regime of racial segregation. He was imprisoned on Robben Island, a penal colony of Cape Town, where he spent the next 18 years before being moved to mainland prisons. But prison and old age took their toll on his health.

6. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the clues given in the box. There is one extra word.
Tuberculosis  , September of , to  ,for , renew , be , damage , remained , do , the 

Mandela was treated in the 1980s for…………..and later required an operation to repair the ……………. his eyes as well as treatment…………..prostate cancer in 2001. His spirit, however…………..strong. “If cancer wins I will still…………..the better winner, “he told reporters in………. of that year. “When I go…………the next world, the first thing I will……….is look for an ANC office to ….. my membership.” Most South Africans are proud…………. their post-apartheid multi-racial ‘Rainbow Nation’.

Answer of the fill in the gaps with clue 

Mandela was treated in the 1980s for tuberculosis and later required an operation to repair the damage to his eyes as well as treatment for prostate cancer in 2001. His spirit, however, remained strong. “If cancer wins I will still be the better winner,” he told reporters in September of that year. “When I go to the next world, the first thing I will do is look for an ANC office to renew my membership.” Most South Africans are proud of their post-apartheid multi-racial ‘Rainbow Nation’.


7. Fill in the gaps in the text below using suitable words.
Mandela’s last major appearance on the…………….stage was in 2010 when he …………..a cap in the South African…………….and rode on a golf cart,…………to an exuberant crowd of 90,000 ………….the soccer World Cup final, one the biggest events in the country’s ……. apartheid history. “I leave it to……………. public to decide how they should………….me.” he said on South African………….before his retirement. “But I should…………to be remembered as an ordinary……………..outh African who together with others has ………….. his humble contribution.”

Answer :

Mandela’s last major appearance on the global stage was in 2010 when he donned a cap in the South African colors and rode on a golf cart, waving to an exuberant crowd of 90,000 during the soccer World Cup final, one of the biggest events in the country’s post-apartheid history. “I leave it to the public to decide how they should remember me,” he said on South African television before his retirement. “But I should like to be remembered as an ordinary South African who, together with others, has made his humble contribution.”

8. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing the incidents of Nelson Mandela.(No. 1 has been done for you.)

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āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§œā§āĻ¨:  Global village paragraph for class 6 | Global village paragraph for All Classes

 

Answer to the question no – 8

  • Fought against white minority
  • Imprisoned for nearly three decades
  • Advocated for the end of apartheid
  • Became South Africa’s first black president in 1994
  • Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
  • Played a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity
  • Formally left public life in June 2004
  • Remained a revered public figure and symbol of freedom and human rights
  • Charged with capital offenses in the 1963 Rivonia Trial
  • Known by the clan name “Madiba” and admired for his humanity, kindness, and dignity.

9. Write a brief summary of the passage in your words.

Nelson Mandela was an amazing leader who fought against an evil system called apartheid in South Africa. He wanted to treat everyone equally and live in peace. Mandela spent a long time in prison but never gave up on his dream of freedom. Finally, in 1994, he became South Africa’s first black president. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to make the world a better place. Mandela showed us that we should always treat others with kindness and fairness, regardless of what they look like or where they come from. He is a hero to many.

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