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BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson – 1 | Nelson Mandela
Johannesburg (Reuters)-Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against while minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ : āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻšā§-āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻŖāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĻāĻļāĻ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§āĻ, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻā§āĻšāĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻļāĻŽāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
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“I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days, “Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994,… “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.”
“āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻŖāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ; āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŦ,” āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨ ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ,… “āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻšā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĨ¤” “āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻˇā§, āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤”
In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.
ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Š āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¨, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻĢāĻĄāĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻĄāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¨-āĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻĄāĻ¸ (āĻāĻāĻĄāĻ¸ ) āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: “Don’t call me. I’ll call you.” But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combing celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ° āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° ā§Žā§Ŧ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨: “āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻŦāĨ¤” āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĨ¤
“He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are,” Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked.
“āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤ ” āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world’s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South African
![BOU HSC English 1st Paper : Unit 1 | Lesson - 1 | Nelson Mandela 2 Free Johannesburg South Africa photo and picture](https://i0.wp.com/cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/09/04/23/40/johannesburg-436018_1280.jpg?resize=362%2C271&ssl=1)
s and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders.
āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities,” he told the court.
ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Š āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻ§ā§ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤, āĻĄāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ “āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻĻāĻļāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¨āĻāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤ “āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŖāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻāĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§,â āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
“It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him “Madiba,” the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.
“āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§ˇ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤” āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻĻāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻšā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ “āĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻž” āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ¤āĻž, āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻāĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
Vocabulary āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°:
- Shackle (n) – a situation or factor that restrains or restricts someone
- Apartheid – (n) any system or practice that separates people according to colour, ethnicity, caste, etc
- Decade -(n) a period of ten years
- Revered (adj.) – very much respected and admired
- Prominent (adj.) very important
- Testimony (n) – a formal written of spoken statement
- Domination (n) – power or control over other people
- Laud (v) – to praise highly
- Prestige (n) – respect and admiration given to someone
- Resolve (n) – firm determination to do something
- Shackle āĻļā§āĻāĻ˛ (āĻāĻ¨) – āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§
- Apartheid āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ – (n) āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĨ¤
- Decade āĻĻāĻļāĻ -(n) āĻĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻžāĻ˛
- Revered āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇāĻŖ) – āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¤
- Prominent āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ (adj.) very important
- Testimony āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ (n) – āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
- Domination āĻĄā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ (āĻāĻ¨) – āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ
- Laud āĻā§āĻ°ā§ (v) – āĻāĻā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻāĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
- Prestige āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ (n) – āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻāĻ¸āĻž
- Resolve āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ (n) – āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ
3. Each of the following questions has a word with four alternative meanings.
Choose the word which is close in meaning in the context of the text.
i. What does apartheid in the title refer to?
a. apart
b. distance
c. discrimination
d. dialogue
i āĻļāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ?
āĻ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻā§
āĻ. āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ
āĻ. āĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯
āĻ. āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĒ
Answer : Discrimination
ii. The word icon in the text means-.
a. portrait
b. image
c. symbol
d. idol
ii. āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¸āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĨ¤
āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻ. āĻāĻŽā§āĻ
āĻ. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ
d āĻŽā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Answer : Portrait
iii. What do shackles refer to?
a. restraints
b. sick
c. stigma
d. spur
iii. āĻļā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ?
āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯āĻŽ
āĻ. āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ
āĻ. āĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ
āĻ. āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻž
iv. Race discrimination refers to
a. differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour
b. competition among the members of a race
c. demoralization of people
d. domination of others
iv āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ, āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āĻ¯
āĻ. āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž
āĻ. āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĻšā§āĻ¨āĻāĻ°āĻŖ
āĻ. āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯
v. The word manifestation means
a. presentation
b. right
c. change
d. sign
v. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
āĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž
āĻ. āĻ
āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°
āĻ. āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨
āĻ. āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨
vi. The word healing means
a. curing
b. heating
c. soothing
d. ailing
vi āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ. āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ°
āĻ. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ
āĻ. āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ
vii. The word chasm refers to
a. cleft
b. top
c. hatred
d. border
vii āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛
āĻ. āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ
āĻ. āĻā§āĻŖāĻž
āĻ. āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤
viii. The word emancipation is
a. participation
b. encouragement
c. expectation
d. liberation
viii. āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ
āĻ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ
āĻ. āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻš
āĻ. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻž
āĻ. āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž
4. Answer the following questions:
a. The text is a report prepared by a news agency. A newspaper here is interested to publish it in a shortened form. Write a summary of the report for the newspaper.
Answer :
Nelson Mandela: Hero of Freedom
Nelson Mandela was an amazing leader of South Africa who fought against a terrible thing called apartheid. He spent a long time in prison, but he never gave up. When he finally became South Africa’s first black president in 1994, it was a major step towards fairness and equality for all. Mandela believed in peace and unity and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Even after retirement, he continues to inspire people with his message of freedom and respect for all. Mandela’s story teaches us to never stop fighting for what is right. He will forever be remembered as a true hero.
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āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ
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b. What do the following dates refer to?
- 1963
- 1993
- 1994
- 2004
Answer :
- 1963: In 1963, something important happened to Nelson Mandela. He was put on trial for fighting against an unjust system called apartheid.
- 1993: In 1993, Nelson Mandela received a special award called the Nobel Peace Prize. It is a great honor for him as he worked hard for peace and equality.
- 1994: In 1994, Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s first black president. This was a really important moment because it showed that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of the color of their skin.
- 2004: In 2004, Nelson Mandela decided to take a break from the public eye. He wanted to enjoy his time and let other people take care of things for a while.
- 1963: 1963 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
- 1993: 1993 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ°āĨ¤
- 1994: 1994 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŽā§āĻšā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇā§āĨ¤
- 2004: 2004 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻĒāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
c. Why did Nadine Gordimer remark that “He (Mandela) is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are.”?
Answer : Nadine Gordimer said Nelson Mandela was “at the center of our time” because she believed he was a very important person. Mandela fought against an evil called apartheid and became a symbol of peace and justice. His work inspired people in South Africa and around the world. Gordimer wanted to show that Mandela’s influence was large and important to everyone wherever he lived.
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d. What emancipation did Mandela hint at by saying “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.”?
Answer : When Nelson Mandela said, “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation,” he meant that they had finally achieved their freedom from unjust rule. In South Africa, there was a system called apartheid that treated people differently based on the color of their skin. Mandela and others fought against it and won. So when he said “political emancipation” he was saying that they finally got the right to be treated equally and have a say in how their country is run. It was a big step for justice and freedom for all.
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e. Mandela is quoted in the report as saying, “It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” What ideal is he talking about? Do you support his ideal?
Answer : When Nelson Mandela said, “It is an ideal for which I hope to live and to achieve. But it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die if necessary,” he was speaking of his belief in a just and free society where all are treated equally. He wanted people to live together peacefully and have equal opportunities in life. Many people support this ideal because it promotes fairness and equality for all.
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f. Why can Nelson Mandela be called “an icon of peace and reconciliation”?
Answer : Nelson Mandela can be called “an icon of peace and reconciliation” because he worked to bring people together and promote forgiveness.
g. Why is Mandela also ‘Madiba’?
Answer : Mandela is also called ‘Madiba’ as a sign of respect and love.
h. Do you know any other leader who struggled like Nelson Mandela? Write in brief.
Yes, there have been other leaders who faced significant struggles similar to Nelson Mandela. One notable example is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who was a prominent leader in Bangladesh’s fight for independence from Pakistan. He inspired millions with his commitment to self-determination and led the Awami League party. Despite challenges, he remained dedicated to his vision of an independent Bangladesh. His leadership led to the formation of Bangladesh in 1971, and he is revered as the nation’s founding father.
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i. Who was F.W. de Klerk? What do you know about him from the passage?
Answer : F.W. de Klerk was a white African leader who helped end apartheid and worked with Nelson Mandela.
j. What is the ideal of Mandela? Do you support his ideal? Why/Why not?
Answer: Mandela’s ideal was equality and justice for all. I also support his thinking because his vision of a fair and inclusive society, where everyone has equal opportunities and rights, is seen as a noble and worthwhile goal.
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5. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the right use of verbs:
Mandela ………(be) among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC’s armed wing. He……. (leave) South Africa and………. (travel) the continent and Europe, studying guerrilla warfare and building support for the ANC. Branded a terrorist by his enemies, Mandela………… (sentence) to life imprisonment in 1964,isolated from millions of his countrymen as they…….(suffer) oppression, violence and forced resettlement under the apartheid regime of racial segregation, He………(imprison) on Robben Island, a penal colony of Cape Town, where he ……….(spend) the next 18 years before being moved to mainland prisons.
Answer of the gaps:
Mandela was among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC’s armed wing. He left South Africa and traveled the continent and Europe, studying guerrilla warfare and building support for the ANC.
Branded a terrorist by his enemies, Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964, isolated from millions of his countrymen as they suffered oppression, violence, and forced resettlement under the apartheid regime of racial segregation. He was imprisoned on Robben Island, a penal colony of Cape Town, where he spent the next 18 years before being moved to mainland prisons. But prison and old age took their toll on his health.
6. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the clues given in the box. There is one extra word.
Tuberculosis , September of , to ,for , renew , be , damage , remained , do , theÂ
Mandela was treated in the 1980s for…………..and later required an operation to repair the ……………. his eyes as well as treatment…………..prostate cancer in 2001. His spirit, however…………..strong. “If cancer wins I will still…………..the better winner, “he told reporters in………. of that year. “When I go…………the next world, the first thing I will……….is look for an ANC office to ….. my membership.” Most South Africans are proud…………. their post-apartheid multi-racial ‘Rainbow Nation’.
Answer of the fill in the gaps with clueÂ
Mandela was treated in the 1980s for tuberculosis and later required an operation to repair the damage to his eyes as well as treatment for prostate cancer in 2001. His spirit, however, remained strong. “If cancer wins I will still be the better winner,” he told reporters in September of that year. “When I go to the next world, the first thing I will do is look for an ANC office to renew my membership.” Most South Africans are proud of their post-apartheid multi-racial ‘Rainbow Nation’.
7. Fill in the gaps in the text below using suitable words.
Mandela’s last major appearance on the…………….stage was in 2010 when he …………..a cap in the South African…………….and rode on a golf cart,…………to an exuberant crowd of 90,000 ………….the soccer World Cup final, one the biggest events in the country’s ……. apartheid history. “I leave it to……………. public to decide how they should………….me.” he said on South African………….before his retirement. “But I should…………to be remembered as an ordinary……………..outh African who together with others has ………….. his humble contribution.”
Answer :
Mandela’s last major appearance on the global stage was in 2010 when he donned a cap in the South African colors and rode on a golf cart, waving to an exuberant crowd of 90,000 during the soccer World Cup final, one of the biggest events in the country’s post-apartheid history. “I leave it to the public to decide how they should remember me,” he said on South African television before his retirement. “But I should like to be remembered as an ordinary South African who, together with others, has made his humble contribution.”
8. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing the incidents of Nelson Mandela.(No. 1 has been done for you.)
āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĻ¨:Â Global village paragraph for class 6 | Global village paragraph for All Classes
Answer to the question no – 8
- Fought against white minority
- Imprisoned for nearly three decades
- Advocated for the end of apartheid
- Became South Africa’s first black president in 1994
- Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
- Played a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity
- Formally left public life in June 2004
- Remained a revered public figure and symbol of freedom and human rights
- Charged with capital offenses in the 1963 Rivonia Trial
- Known by the clan name “Madiba” and admired for his humanity, kindness, and dignity.
9. Write a brief summary of the passage in your words.
Nelson Mandela was an amazing leader who fought against an evil system called apartheid in South Africa. He wanted to treat everyone equally and live in peace. Mandela spent a long time in prison but never gave up on his dream of freedom. Finally, in 1994, he became South Africa’s first black president. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to make the world a better place. Mandela showed us that we should always treat others with kindness and fairness, regardless of what they look like or where they come from. He is a hero to many.
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